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Election 2026

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Issue record

Government accountability

In short

Miller-Meeks's official releases back a ban on stock trading by members of Congress and spouses. Bohannan's and Bridgford's campaigns back a stock-trading ban, term limits and reversing Citizens United. On the record, Miller-Meeks cosponsored and voted for the House-passed ban, which is not law. Bohannan's filings show no corporate PAC money, though 79 donor committees list no type; Bridgford's show no corporate PAC money, and 64.6 percent of his receipts are his own.

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Campaign positions

What each campaign says.

Mariannette Miller-Meeks

She has no standing position section on this subject, and the positions she has taken on it are in her newsroom. Her campaign site carries no issues page, and across the seven subject pages her official issues index links the words ethics, term limits, campaign finance, Citizens United and dark money do not appear at all, nor do they appear in any headline or summary on her official press-release index from December 4, 2024 to September 3, 2026. Congressional stock trading is the exception, and it appears twice. On November 19, 2025 she called on the House Committee on Administration to advance a ban covering members and their spouses, in her own words "Members of Congress should not be trading individual stocks while writing laws and receiving nonpublic briefings." She is one of the cosponsors of the Restore Trust in Congress Act, H.R. 5106 of the 119th Congress, which sits in that committee. A July 22, 2026 release, carried on her delivering-results page as well, says the House passed the Stop Insider Trading Act, which it describes as led by her.

Christina Bohannan

Her campaign says she takes no corporate PAC money and would ban stock trading by members of Congress, the executive branch and Supreme Court justices with divestment, pass an amendment reversing Citizens United, institute term limits and age caps, create an independent congressional ethics agency, bar members and their families from lobbying, and open primaries to independents through the Let America Vote Act.

Michael Bridgford

His campaign makes this his central theme: a four-term cap for House members by constitutional amendment, a ban on members and their families trading individual stocks, an amendment reversing Citizens United with 24-hour disclosure of donations over $10,000 in the meantime, a 72-hour rule to read spending bills, a pledge to vote against omnibus packages, and a blind trust for his own investments.

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Evidence timeline

What the record shows.

  1. Occurred Jul 22, 2026

    official action

    Mariannette Miller-Meeks: Matches stated direction

    She cosponsored two stock bills and backed House restrictions passed 232-198 in July 2026, still not law. She sponsored none; these records do not establish who drafted them.

    Read the full check

    Full detail

    Her campaign account says she wrote legislation to ban congressional stock trading. Her office separately says the House passed such a ban led by her. Across the 117th, 118th and 119th Congresses she sponsored 129 bills and resolutions, and none of them concerns congressional stock trading. Both bills on the subject that carry her name are someone else's. H.R. 7008, the Stop Insider Trading Act, was introduced by Representative Bryan Steil on January 12, 2026; she is an original cosponsor recorded that day, 36th of 93 in the listed order and 36th of the 72 original cosponsors, and she voted Yea when the House passed it 232 to 198 on July 22, 2026 (Roll Call 280). It was placed on the Senate calendar on August 6, 2026 and is not law. H.R. 5106, the Restore Trust in Congress Act, was introduced by Representative Chip Roy on September 3, 2025; she is not an original cosponsor of it and joined on September 11, 2025, 47th of 142. Her office's own releases describe her role three ways, and none of them is authorship. The release of November 19, 2025 states plainly that she is a cosponsor of the Restore Trust in Congress Act, and records a letter she sent to Chairman Bryan Steil and Ranking Member Joe Morelle asking the Committee to unify the proposals that already existed into one enforceable reform, naming a full ban on individual stock trading by members and spouses, blind trusts or index funds as the alternative, and uniform enforcement with real penalties; Steil introduced H.R. 7008 fifty-four days later. The release of July 22, 2026 is headed House Passes Miller-Meeks Backed Bill to Ban Congressional Stock Trading, and its first sentence calls the bill led by her, so her office's headline and its lede do not agree with each other. She does not sit on the Committee on House Administration, which both bills were referred to, and that committee's report on H.R. 7008, H. Rept. 119-479 of February 3, 2026, does not name her anywhere, and does not mention Iowa: it credits the introduction to Steil, and the substitute amendment adopted at markup to Steil. She uses the same verb accurately about a bill that is hers: on August 26, 2026 she posted that she wrote the Billion Dollar Boondoggle Act, and she is its sponsor. Limit: The official actions behind this label are two cosponsorships and a Yea vote when the House passed a ban 232 to 198, and the desk names them because the label requires it. On the word wrote, the record is not silent by accident: it holds sponsorship, cosponsorship, committee action and floor statements, and it records who drafted a bill nowhere, for any member, because most bill text is drafted by the Legislative Counsel at a member's request. A claim to have written legislation is therefore one the official record can neither confirm nor refute, here or anywhere, and this desk does not treat a record that cannot test a claim as a record that defeats it. What the record can show is set out above and a reader can weigh it: no bill of her own on the subject across 129 bills and resolutions, 36th of the seventy-two original cosponsors filed the same day on H.R. 7008, not an original cosponsor of H.R. 5106 at all, her own office calling her a cosponsor under a headline calling it a bill she backed, and a committee report that does not name her on a committee she does not sit on. It also shows the nearest documented thing to authorship: seven weeks before H.R. 7008 existed she wrote to its eventual sponsor, the chairman of that committee, asking him to build a package whose contents it partly matches. The post claims she wrote legislation on a subject. It does not claim any bill of hers passed, and this card does not read it as though it did. The post also carries a video this desk did not watch. What the ban would cover is a question about the bill's text, which this card does not assess.

  2. Occurred Jun 30, 2026

    official action

    Christina Bohannan: Matches stated record claim

    Her filings through June 30, 2026 show no money from a PAC the FEC records as corporation-connected; a trade association PAC gave $5,000, and 79 donor committees have no recorded type.

    Read the full check

    Full detail

    The government section of her campaign priorities page says she takes no corporate PAC money and would reject the influence of money and special interests in Congress. Her committee's itemized receipts from political committees in the 2025-2026 cycle filings through June 30, 2026 carry no contribution from any committee the FEC records as corporation-connected, and none from a corporation without capital stock: those two rows are missing from her money table because the filing has nothing to put in them. What it does itemize from committees is $93,500 from 17 labour organization PACs, $48,490 from 11 membership organization PACs, $34,400 from 17 other candidates' committees, $10,720.79 from 3 party committees, $5,000 from one trade association PAC, and $310,537.50 from 79 committees for which the FEC records no organization type at all. Over the same period the incumbent's filing itemizes $706,425.00 from 213 corporation-connected PACs and $11,000 from 2 corporations without capital stock. Limit: The claim is checkable and the filing bears it out on the FEC's own classification: not one itemized contribution from a committee the FEC records as connected to a corporation. The check is only as fine as that classification. 79 of the committees that gave to her carry no recorded organization type, $310,537.50 in all, so this desk cannot say what each of them is. A trade association PAC gave $5,000, and a trade association is a business organization, though the FEC does not record it as corporation-connected. The $2,678,013.78 conduit row is money individuals earmarked through a fundraising platform rather than committee money, and the $856,878.72 of transfers comes from joint fundraising committees. Whether any of that amounts to corporate money is not a question the filings answer, and this desk does not answer it either.

  3. Occurred Jun 30, 2026

    official action

    Michael Bridgford: Matches stated direction

    His filing shows no lobby, corporate or leadership PAC money and one $5,000 Forward Party contribution, and 64.6% of receipts is his own money, including $100,000 in loans.

    Read the full check

    Full detail

    His campaign says that unlike his opponents he takes no money from lobbies, big tech or leadership funds, and that his campaign is built by people. His committee's July Quarterly, received July 15, 2026 and covering April 1 to June 30, 2026, itemizes one contribution from a political committee across the whole cycle: $5,000 from the Forward Party on June 1, 2026, which the FEC records as a qualified hybrid political action committee. No contribution from a corporation-connected, trade association, leadership or party committee appears in it. Of $189,523.47 in receipts, $122,505.25 is his own money as the filing itemizes it: $22,505.25 in contributions from the candidate, which the FEC's summary of the cycle puts at $22,671.10, and two candidate loans of $60,000 and $40,000, neither repaid. Contributions from individuals total $61,852.37, of which $14,000 came from one limited liability company in four same-day contributions and $1,152.37 from another. The other two committees' filings over the same cycle itemize $2,421,206.95 and $502,648.29 in committee and party contributions. Limit: The specific list he names is borne out: his filing itemizes no lobby, corporate, trade or leadership-PAC money at all. Two things sit beside that. One political committee did contribute, the Forward Party's $5,000, and this desk does not rule on whether a party's own hybrid PAC counts as a special interest. And "built by people" is measured against a filing in which 64.6 percent of receipts is his own money as that filing itemizes it, including $100,000 in loans he has not been repaid. His first report covers a full quarter while his opponents' cover the six weeks after the primary, so period-to-period comparisons here are not like for like.

  4. Occurred Jun 1, 2026

    campaign position

    Michael Bridgford: Not comparable yet

    He has never held office, so there is no vote or bill of his to set beside this pledge.

    Read the full check

    Full detail

    His campaign says he would vote for a constitutional amendment capping House service at four terms and for a ban on members trading individual stocks. There is no official legislative record to set beside this. He has held no seat in Congress or the Iowa Legislature, so no roll call, sponsorship or cosponsorship exists in his name; the Iowa Secretary of State's candidate list is the only government record of him this desk found, and his FEC candidate record carries 2026 as his only election year. A stock-trading ban did pass the House on July 22, 2026 without him, since he is not a member. Limit: A pledge about future votes cannot be checked against a record that does not exist. He has never held office, so this desk records the pledge and the absence of any comparable action, and nothing more. That absence is not a finding about him; it is what a first candidacy looks like in the official record.

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Sources21 source records

How we use sources

  1. Issues indexhttps://millermeeks.house.gov/issues

    Office of Representative Mariannette Miller-Meeks · Reviewed Sep 13, 2026

    The index links seven subject pages and no others: delivering results, border security, economy, health, energy, veterans and education. Cited on this desk as one part of the scope behind a position recorded as not found on her; the other parts are her official press-release index and her campaign site, because a search of the issue pages alone is not a search of what she has said.

    official office record

    For: Mariannette Miller-Meeks: campaign position

  2. Miller-Meeks for Congress, home and biographyhttps://drmillermeeks.com/

    Miller-Meeks for Congress · Reviewed Sep 13, 2026

    The campaign site answered a plain request directly. It carries a biography and the phrase Proven Conservative but no issues or platform page: its navigation is About, Media, Triple-M Tour, News, Events, Voting Information and Donate, and its newest news item is dated December 6, 2024. Cited on this desk for her own biography and for the absence of a campaign platform.

    candidate statement

    For: Mariannette Miller-Meeks: campaign position

  3. Issues: Delivering Resultshttps://millermeeks.house.gov/issues/delivering-results

    Office of Representative Mariannette Miller-Meeks · Reviewed Sep 13, 2026

    Carries the July 22, 2026 release saying the House passed the Stop Insider Trading Act, described there as led by her. This is the only place on her campaign site or official issue pages where congressional stock trading appears; her newsroom carries an earlier item on it, from November 19, 2025.

    official office record

    For: Mariannette Miller-Meeks: campaign position; Mariannette Miller-Meeks: Matches stated direction

  4. Press Releases indexhttps://millermeeks.house.gov/media/press-releases

    Office of Representative Mariannette Miller-Meeks · Reviewed Sep 13, 2026

    Her official newsroom, and the scope this desk should have searched for the first draft. The index is paginated with a Next link and no page numbers, ten items to a page, each item a headline, a date and an opening summary. This desk read it page by page from the newest item of September 3, 2026 back through the address ?page=20, whose oldest item is December 4, 2024, which covers the whole of this Congress. An index sweep reads headlines and summaries; where a term turned up, the release itself was opened and read.

    official office record

    For: Mariannette Miller-Meeks: campaign position

  5. Miller-Meeks Calls for Vote to Ban Congressional Stock Tradinghttps://millermeeks.house.gov/media/press-releases/miller-meeks-calls-vote-ban-congressional-stock-trading

    Office of Representative Mariannette Miller-Meeks · Published Nov 19, 2025 · Reviewed Sep 13, 2026

    Her letter to the chair and ranking member of the House Committee on Administration asking for a stock-trading ban covering members and their spouses, with blind trusts or index funds as the alternative and uniform enforcement, and her own quoted words on it. The release also records her cosponsorship of the Restore Trust in Congress Act and says neither she nor her husband owns individual stocks. Found by reading her press-release index page by page, which the first draft did not do; it is the earlier of the two places congressional stock trading appears in her newsroom.

    official office record

    For: Mariannette Miller-Meeks: campaign position; Mariannette Miller-Meeks: Matches stated direction

  6. Representative Mariannette Miller-Meeks, sponsored and cosponsored legislationhttps://www.congress.gov/member/mariannette-miller-meeks/M001215

    Congress.gov · Reviewed Sep 13, 2026

    129 sponsored bills and resolutions plus 5 floor amendments, and 1,224 cosponsorships, across the 117th, 118th and 119th Congresses; terms recorded for the second district in the 117th and the first in the 118th and 119th. Eleven sponsored bills reached the Senate; none has a latest action of becoming law. Pulled 2026-09-13.

    official legislative record

    For: Mariannette Miller-Meeks: campaign position; Mariannette Miller-Meeks: Matches stated direction

  7. Prioritieshttps://bohannanforcongress.com/priorities/

    Christina Bohannan for Congress · Reviewed Sep 13, 2026

    Eight sections: lowering costs, restoring faith in government, health care, education, family farms and natural resources, seniors and Social Security, freedom, and a family friendly economy. Read directly from the live site; no archive was needed. The government section carries the sentence "I take no corporate PAC money.", which is the statement side of the money card on her.

    candidate statement

    For: Christina Bohannan: campaign position; Christina Bohannan: Matches stated record claim

  8. Issueshttps://bridgfordforiowa.com/Issues

    Bridgford for Iowa · Reviewed Sep 13, 2026

    Eleven issue panels. The site is a client-rendered application: it answers a plain request with HTTP 200 but serves the same shell for every route and has no content API, so the panels were read twice, once rendered in a browser with each panel expanded and once extracted verbatim from the site's own JavaScript bundle. This is not a block and no archive was used.

    candidate statement

    For: Michael Bridgford: campaign position; Michael Bridgford: Matches stated direction; Michael Bridgford: Not comparable yet

  9. Mariannette Miller-Meeks on congressional stock tradinghttps://x.com/millermeeks/status/2094816500548780118

    X · Published Sep 1, 2026 · Reviewed Sep 14, 2026

    Her own post on the campaign account her site links. Collected on September 13, 2026 and re-read against the platform on September 14, 2026 before it was written down: unchanged, the same author, the same publication time, and one entry in its edit history. The post also carries a video, which this desk did not watch; the words quoted are in the post's own text.

    social profile

    For: Mariannette Miller-Meeks: Matches stated direction

  10. H.R. 7008, Stop Insider Trading Act, cosponsorshttps://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7008/cosponsors

    Congress.gov · Published Jan 12, 2026 · Reviewed Sep 13, 2026

    Sponsored by Representative Bryan Steil and introduced 2026-01-12 with 93 cosponsors; Miller-Meeks is an original cosponsor recorded that day, 36th in the listed order. Placed on the Senate calendar 2026-08-06 and not law.

    official legislative record

    For: Mariannette Miller-Meeks: Matches stated direction

  11. H.R. 5106, Restore Trust in Congress Act, cosponsorshttps://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/5106/cosponsors

    Congress.gov · Published Sep 3, 2025 · Reviewed Sep 14, 2026

    Sponsored by Representative Chip Roy and introduced 2025-09-03 with 16 original cosponsors, 142 in all. Miller-Meeks is not among the original cosponsors; she joined on 2025-09-11 and is 47th in the listed order. The bill was referred to the House Committee on House Administration on the day it was introduced and has no later action.

    official legislative record

    For: Mariannette Miller-Meeks: Matches stated direction

  12. Roll Call 280, 119th Congress, on passage of H.R. 7008 (document)

    Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives · Published Jul 22, 2026 · Reviewed Sep 13, 2026

    The House passed the Stop Insider Trading Act, 232 to 198. Miller-Meeks is recorded Yea.

    official legislative record

    For: Mariannette Miller-Meeks: Matches stated direction; Michael Bridgford: Not comparable yet

  13. House Passes Miller-Meeks Backed Bill to Ban Congressional Stock Tradinghttps://millermeeks.house.gov/media/press-releases/house-passes-miller-meeks-backed-bill-ban-congressional-stock-trading

    Office of Representative Mariannette Miller-Meeks · Published Jul 22, 2026 · Reviewed Sep 14, 2026

    Her office's release on the passage of H.R. 7008, reprinted on her Delivering Results issues page, which is where this desk first read it. Cited on its own because its headline and its first sentence describe her role differently: the headline calls it a Miller-Meeks backed bill, the lede says the bill is led by her. It claims no authorship in either place.

    official office record

    For: Mariannette Miller-Meeks: Matches stated direction

  14. H. Rept. 119-479, Committee on House Administration, on H.R. 7008https://www.congress.gov/119/crpt/hrpt479/generated/CRPT-119hrpt479.htm

    U.S. Government Publishing Office · Published Feb 3, 2026 · Reviewed Sep 14, 2026

    The committee of jurisdiction's own report on the Stop Insider Trading Act, read in full. It names Miller-Meeks nowhere in its 33,237 characters, and does not mention Iowa. It credits the bill to Representative Bryan Steil, who introduced it on January 12, 2026, and records that the amendment in the nature of a substitute adopted at markup was offered by Steil. Cited for what it does not contain: a committee report is where a co-lead's work would ordinarily appear.

    official legislative record

    For: Mariannette Miller-Meeks: Matches stated direction

  15. Mariannette Miller-Meeks on the Billion Dollar Boondoggle Acthttps://x.com/millermeeks/status/2092683510557323605

    X · Published Aug 26, 2026 · Reviewed Sep 14, 2026

    Her own post on the campaign account her site links, cited for the one thing it settles: that she says I wrote about a bill she sponsored. Collected on September 13, 2026 and re-read against the platform on September 14, 2026 before it was written down: unchanged, the same author, the same publication time, and one entry in its edit history.

    social profile

    For: Mariannette Miller-Meeks: Matches stated direction

  16. Itemized receipts from committees, Christina Bohannan for Congresshttps://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00787820&two_year_transaction_period=2026&contributor_type=committee

    Federal Election Commission · Reviewed Sep 13, 2026

    Committee C00787820; 5,155 rows from the 2025-2026 cycle filings through 2026-06-30. Table rows reconcile to the cent against the FEC summary's other-committee and party contributions, $502,648.29.

    fec filing

    For: Christina Bohannan: Matches stated record claim; Michael Bridgford: Matches stated direction

  17. Itemized receipts from committees, Miller-Meeks for Congresshttps://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00558825&two_year_transaction_period=2026&contributor_type=committee

    Federal Election Commission · Reviewed Sep 13, 2026

    Committee C00558825; 7,967 rows from the 2025-2026 cycle filings through 2026-06-30. Table rows reconcile to the cent against the FEC summary's other-committee and party contributions, $2,421,206.95.

    fec filing

    For: Christina Bohannan: Matches stated record claim; Michael Bridgford: Matches stated direction

  18. Itemized receipts, Bridgford for Iowahttps://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00947432&two_year_transaction_period=2026&contributor_type=committee

    Federal Election Commission · Reviewed Sep 13, 2026

    Committee C00947432; 34 committee-contributor rows and 69 itemized receipt rows in all through 2026-06-30. One contribution from a political committee, $5,000 from the Forward Party on 2026-06-01, which equals the FEC summary's other-committee plus party contributions of $5,000.00.

    fec filing

    For: Michael Bridgford: Matches stated direction

  19. Loans, Bridgford for Iowahttps://www.fec.gov/data/loans/?committee_id=C00947432&two_year_transaction_period=2026

    Federal Election Commission · Reviewed Sep 13, 2026

    Two Schedule C loans, both with the candidate as the loan source: $60,000 incurred 2026-04-20 and $40,000 incurred 2026-06-30, each with nothing repaid and the full amount outstanding, which is the committee's $100,000 of reported debt.

    fec filing

    For: Michael Bridgford: Matches stated direction

  20. July Quarterly 2026, Bridgford for Iowahttps://docquery.fec.gov/cgi-bin/forms/C00947432/1994648/

    Federal Election Commission · Published Jul 15, 2026 · Reviewed Sep 13, 2026

    Committee C00947432, file number 1994648, image 202607159875316403, covering 2026-04-01 to 2026-06-30, received 2026-07-15. It is the committee's only report of the cycle, which is why its period starts six weeks before the other two. The image number is the beginning_image_number OpenFEC returns for this filing, confirmed on 2026-09-13 on both its committee-reports and its filings endpoint; OpenFEC's own image_number field is null for this filing.

    fec filing

    For: Michael Bridgford: Matches stated direction; Michael Bridgford: Not comparable yet

  21. Candidate List, November 3, 2026 General Election (document)

    Iowa Secretary of State · Published Aug 19, 2026 · Reviewed Sep 13, 2026

    The document is stamped last updated 8/19/2026 1:36 PM. Its United States Representative District 1 block lists Republican Mariannette Miller-Meeks (filed 3/6/2026), Democratic Christina Bohannan (filed 2/25/2026) and No Party Michael Bridgford (filed 6/1/2026), in that order, which is the ballot order this desk follows. Every page of the document carries the same header line on filing: the period for federal and state offices for No Party and petition candidates runs February 23 to June 2 at 5:00 p.m.

    official election record

    For: Michael Bridgford: Not comparable yet

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